Our findings underscore the critical need to evaluate the similarity of data sources to bolster the reliability of conclusions drawn from Twitter-based analyses. Additionally, we consider the important new characteristics included in Twitter's API, version 2.
This research note explores a neglected area in public administration literature, arguing for the presence of political Darwinism in the intellectual underpinnings of American administrative thought. By scrutinizing the ideas of Woodrow Wilson, this article highlights the interplay between Darwinism and German political thought, which underpinned the creation of America's administrative state. Wilson's re-evaluation of the state's role in political life incorporated the significance of Darwinian evolutionary biology in understanding it as a living organism. The separation of powers in the Constitution faced a strong rhetorical challenge from Wilson, who employed Darwinism as a key tool. The public administration literature today echoes the Darwinian elements present in the early work of Wilson, as evidenced by the continued relevance of his arguments. In its closing, the text details a plan for future inquiries into Darwinism's effect on the field of public administration.
Natural selection, as discussed by Charles Darwin in Descent of Man, was shown to be contingent upon the influence of political organizations. Regarding institutions like asylums and hospitals, he wondered if they could possibly interfere with natural selection; yet, he didn't reach a firm conclusion. A critical question arises regarding the compatibility of political institutions' selective impacts, identifiable as artificial selection in Darwin's conceptualization, with natural selection, and, if compatible, the extent of that compatibility. selleck inhibitor The present essay asserts a fundamental discrepancy between natural processes and political organizations. Living creatures experience an undue and disproportionate pressure from mismatched institutions. Cophylogenetic Signal The condition of basic equivalence, which grants similar prospects of survival to species and individuals in their natural environments, is subject to consequences. Thus, contrary to Darwin's envisioned course, it is argued that presumed natural selection is not diminished but magnified by the intervention of political entities. Given these circumstances, selection takes on a predominantly artificial, and possibly largely political, character, with implications for the species' evolutionary prospects.
In its expression, morality can be either adaptive or maladaptive. This fact serves as a catalyst for polarizing disagreements regarding the meta-ethical status of moral adaptation. The realist approach to tracking morality proposes the existence of objective moral truths, which are consistent with adaptable moral rules. Unlike evolutionary realism, anti-realism denies moral objectivity, and therefore postulates that adaptive moral rules fail to encapsulate objective moral truths, as such truths are nonexistent. Employing a novel evolutionary perspective, this article seeks to defend the realist tracking account of natural law. It contends that objective moral truths are identifiable through cultural group selection, and that adaptable moral guidelines most probably reflect these truths.
By what means can a liberal democratic society best control the application of human genetic engineering? Discussions pertinent to the subject frequently utilize the often-unspecified concept of human dignity. Its uncertainty in interpretation and application makes it an inadequate compass for action. This current writing challenges the idea that the human genome is endowed with a moral status; I term this position 'genetic essentialism'. I detail the reasons why criticizing genetic essentialism is not a weak argument and offer counter-arguments to using genetic essentialism in defining human rights. Instead of another approach, I propose that the self-governance of future persons be viewed as a responsibility entrusted to the current generation, rooted in the principle of dignity. The future person's potential interest in decisional autonomy is substantiated, and a method is described for achieving principled agreement on its configuration during genetic engineering, utilizing popular deliberation alongside expert medical and bioethical opinions.
Concerns about questionable research practices have spurred a rise in the adoption of pre-registration as a solution. These problems are not eradicated by the simple act of preregistration. This additionally creates further challenges, including the added expense for junior researchers with fewer resources. Additionally, the practice of pre-registration stifles innovative thinking and narrows the field of scientific investigation. Pre-registration, in this instance, is not only ineffective in addressing its stated aims, but it also brings forth costs. Pre-registration's role in fostering novel or ethical work is neither mandated nor sufficient. In essence, pre-registering acts as a form of virtue signaling, where the performance eclipses the substance.
2019 saw the American public's confidence in scientists soar to a new zenith, defying the challenges posed by the collision of science and politics. This investigation into public trust in scientists, spanning the period between 1978 and 2018, employs General Social Survey data and interpretable machine learning algorithms to pinpoint cross-decade shifts. Public trust appears to be polarizing, with political ideology playing an increasingly significant role in predicting trust levels over time, as the results demonstrate. During the period from 2008 to 2018, many conservatives experienced a profound and complete loss of faith in the scientific community, a contrast to previous decades. Political ideology's marginal impact on trust, while exceeding that of party affiliation, remained subordinate to the influence of education and race in 2018. Nucleic Acid Electrophoresis Equipment Utilizing machine learning algorithms to study public opinion trends reveals valuable lessons and practical implications.
Across various general populations, males display a higher rate of left-handedness compared to females. Earlier studies have interpreted this variation in terms of male susceptibility to detrimental birth occurrences, although newer research has elaborated on other associated influences. In a display of commitment to impartiality, U.S. senators signed a pledge on January 16, 2020, for the duration of the president's impeachment trial. Through television broadcasting, a direct comparison of right-handed and left-handed individuals was possible, considering a professional sample of men and women. Expectedly, no sex-based divergence in the percentage of left-handed senators was identified, although the restricted sample size affected the statistical significance of the findings. Confirming this observation using a larger cohort of males would strengthen the argument for a genetic connection to left-handedness within certain male population groups.
Two competing theoretical models are evaluated in this study concerning the association between individual reactions to pleasant and unpleasant stimuli (i.e., motivational reactivity), moral perspectives on social rules (i.e., social morality), and political identities. The classical view associates a particular political ideology and social morality with a specific motivational reaction pattern; conversely, the dynamic coordination theory asserts that an individual's motivational reactivity pattern is moderated by, and in turn shapes, their political stances and social values based on the prevailing political perspectives within their direct social environment. Participants recruited from a liberal-leaning social network were utilized in a survey designed to investigate these hypotheses. The results lend credence to the theory of dynamic coordination. The dominant social and political ideologies are often adopted by those demonstrating negativity reactivity, as measured by defensive system activation scores. A person's response to positivity, as quantified by appetitive system activation scores, is connected to the embrace of non-dominant social, moral, and political viewpoints.
Studies show a correlation between the perceived cultural and economic threats posed by immigrants and negative views on immigration. Separately, research demonstrates a relationship between psychophysiological predispositions to threat perception and various political positions, encompassing opinions about immigration. Employing a laboratory experiment, this article integrates these two bodies of literature to examine psychophysiological threat sensitivity and immigration attitudes in the United States. Those displaying elevated threat sensitivity, as measured via skin conductance responses triggered by threatening visual stimuli, often exhibit diminished levels of support for immigration. This research further clarifies the motivations behind anti-immigrant feelings.
Investigations into the behavioral immune system propose that unconscious processes within this system drive individuals to show stronger prejudice against unfamiliar out-groups. This study demonstrates a correlation between individual variations in disgust responses and support for political strategies intended to keep out-groups at a distance. Our investigation encompassed developing less intrusive markers of disgust sensitivity, relying on olfactory evaluations (e.g., judging the unpleasantness of odors) and behavioral responses (e.g., willingness to touch disgusting items), and subsequently, exploring the connection between these measures and in-group bias among children and adults. In order to formally record our research approach, a registered report was submitted and received an in-principle acceptance. Unfortunately, unforeseen events disrupted our data gathering efforts, leaving us with a constrained data set (nchildren = 32, nadults = 29) and weakening our ability to derive accurate conclusions from our findings. In this scholarly work, we present our motivation for undertaking this research, our planned approach, the impeding circumstances that ultimately prevented its completion, and the preliminary outcomes of our work.